The sfr design benefits from several decades of related experience with sodium cooled reactor designs. Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect. Sodium fast reactors and the versatile test reactor. Achieving the full potential of the fast neutron system and closed fuel cycle. For a successful design and analysis of a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr, it is necessary to have a reliable and wellproven system analysis code. In that field, cea has engaged some innovation study either of complete fhr or on the. Safety design criteria sdc for generationiv geniv sodium cooled fast reactor sfr systems 1 have been developed by an sdc task force tf, under the auspices of the gif policy group pg.
The research for technological improvement and innovation in sodium cooled fast reactor is a matter of concern in fuel handling systems in a view to perform a better load factor of the reactor thanks to a quicker fuellingdefueling process. Read chapter the use of sodium cooled fast reactors for effectively reprocessing plutonium and minor actinides. Pdf metal fuel development for sodiumcooled fast reactor. Turbomachinery technical conference and exposition. The power reactor inherently safe module prism sodium fast reactor demonstration project described in this document directly supports the licensing modernization project lmp, a utilityled, department of energy doe supported effort to propose a technologyinclusive. Much of the basic technology for the sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr has been established through long term development experience with former fast reactor programs, and is being confirmed by the phenix endoflife tests in france, the restart of monju in japan, the lifetime extension of bn600 in russia, and the startup of the china experimental fast reactor in china. Hongbin zhang, haihua zhao and cliff davis idaho national laboratory application of relap5 to innovative sodium cooled fast reactor design.
The use of carbon reduces the amount of uranium needed to operate. A fast neutron reactor fnr or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons carrying energies above 0. Design solutions sodium in the primary system is blanketed with inert gas and is maintained in double containment. The use of sodiumcooled fast reactors for effectively. Application of relap5 to innovative sodium cooled fast reactor design. Understand how differences between sodium and water result in broad design differences between a sodium cooled fast reactor sfr and a. That is, accommodation of the imager was not considered during the reactor design process. The initial twr design will be based on existing, or extensions of existing, sfr nuclear technologies and will require extensive in reactor testing.
Simulation of reactor transient and design criteria of. Decommissioning of fast reactors after sodium draining. Sodium cooled fast reactor sfr the sfr uses liquid sodium as the reactor coolant, allowing high power density with low coolant volume fraction and operation at low pressure. Review of the experience with worldwide fast sodium reactor. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Two commonly used reactors are the cstr continuous stirred tank reactor and the pfr plug flow reactor. The tm concluded that the decommissioning of fast reactors to reach safe enclosure presented no major. Phase ii final report of feasibility study on commercialized. An advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor core concept. Sodiumcooled fast reactor wikimili, the best wikipedia. A summary of sodiumcooled fast reactor development. Pdf comparison of simple design of sodium and lead cooled.
The longer fuel column in the fftf and the fuel pins examined have significantly different flux, power, temperature, and fcci profiles than that found in similar tests conducted in the ebrii and study of the differences between the two fuel systems is critical for design of large advanced sodium cooled fast reactor systems. Reactor vessel sodium free surface is covered with inert gas, and the gap between reactor vessel and guard vessel as well as the gap between sodium pipe and guard pipe around it are also filled with inert gas. Generationiv sodium cooled fast reactor system implementation sodium cooled fast reactors design and operating experience accumulated in russia confirms technology maturity and ability for developing bn1200 as sodium cooled fast reactor design for serial construction bn1200 reactor design safety provisions due to optimal. Pdf control rods subassemblies in sodium fast reactors sfr adopt generally b4c as absorber material. Design, development and testing of a sodium submersible. Metal fuel is being developed for the prototype generationiv sodium cooled fast reactor pgsfr to be built by 2028. An optimized fuel handling route will also limit its investment cost. Application of relap5 to innovative sodium cooled fast. A sodium cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor several sodium cooled fast reactors have been built, some still in operation, and others are in planning or under construction. Twr designs are generation iv, liquid sodium cooled fast reactors. Some issues of the current lightwater reactors can be solved by the next generation of nuclear power, generation iv, where sodium cooled. Sodium fast reactor technology seminar february 18, 2015. A safety design approach for sodium cooled fast reactor core toward. Download french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf.
An innovative hybrid looppool design for sodium cooled fast reactors sfrhybrid has been recently proposed. The sodiumcooled fast reactor is the candidate of generation iv that lies. Sodium cooled reactor experience sodium cooled fast reactors have a checkered history. Japan sodium cooled fast reactor jsfr is a concept which has potential to achieve sustainable energy production, radioactive waste reduction, safety equal to the future light water reactor lwr and economic competitiveness against other future energy sources. This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for. This publication covers a range of topics related to removal of residual radioactive sodium and sodium potassium coolant from reactor vessels and components in connection with decommissioning of liquid metal cooled reactors. Fast reactors have the potential to enhance sustainability indices and correspond to crosscutting prerequisites for large scale introduction of nuclear energy in the worlds energy mix. By far the most advanced of the six is the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr, developed by france, russia and. Analysis of advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor core designs. The operators achieved the initial criticality of the reactor core on april 25, 1957, and supplied electricity to the power grid for the first time on july 12, 1957. Fast sodium reactor operation and application to future reactor design j. French sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program pdf.
Uk fast reactors dounreay fast reactor dfr metal fuel, highly enriched u235u238 fuel, sodium potassium eutectic liquid metal coolant, 72mwth 19591977. Simulation of reactor transient and design criteria of sodium cooled fast reactors filip gottfridsson the need for energy is growing in the world and the market of nuclear power is now once more expanding. Treatment of residual sodium and sodium potassium from. For sodium, the sixthmost abundant element on the planet, is being held up as the key to one of several new types of nuclear reactor being developed as. The main focus of the tm was on the decommissioning of both active loop and reactor components e. Safety design guidelines on safety approach and design.
Imager performance could likely be improved if reactor core spatial constraints could be loosened. To achieve this purpose, kaeri has been enhancing the modeling capability of the mars code by adding the sfrspecific thermalhydraulic models and reactivity feedback models. Appendix a fast reactor data pavel tsvetkov and alan waltar this appendix summarizes principal design data for fast spectrum reactors being developed, designed and constructed wor. Uzr fuel is a driver for the initial core of pgsfr, and utruzr fuel will. They have been approaching their commercialization as nuclear power plants through.
Sodium cooled fast reactors sfr dr robert hill argonne national laboratory, usa. This paper investigates the use of enrichment and moderator zoning methods for optimizing the rz power distribution within sodium cooled fast reactors. These reactors provide enough residence time for the reaction to take place with satisfactory conversion. Three of the proposed generation iv reactor types are. Reactor studies department, nuclear energy division, cea cadarache, 115 st paul lez durance, france 2. Prototype fast reactor pfr, also at dounreay mixed oxide fuel, puu238, sodium liquid metal coolant, 600mwth 19741994. Read online french sodiumcooled fast reactor simulation program book pdf free download link book now. This design takes advantage of features from conventional both. This design takes advantage of the inherent safety of a pool design and the compactness of a loop design to improve economics and safety of sfrs. Reactors are usually designed based on rate considerations. Fuel for initial fast reactors today there are excess plutonium inventory from lwr reprocessing, which can be utilized as startup fuel for initial fast reactors.
Construction of the sodium reactor experiment sre facility began in april 1955. Characterize the nature of sodium interactions with air and water. Sco2 turbine design for decay heat removal system of sodium. Ifr would breed more fuel and is distinguished by a nuclear fuel cycle that uses reprocessing via electrorefining at the reactor site. In this paper, two fast reactor systems are discussed the sodiumcooled fast reactor, which has already been built and can be further improved, and the leadcooled fast reactor that could be developed relatively soon. Cho, seong kuk, lee, jekyoung, lee, jeong ik, and cha, jae eun. In september 2018, congress approved an energy and water spending bill that included an increase in funding for the conceptual design of a versatile test reactor. Box 2528 idaho falls, id 834032528 the submitted manuscript has been created by the university of chicago. Uk fast reactors dounreay fast reactor dfr metal fuel, highly enriched u235u238 fuel, sodiumpotassium eutectic liquid metal coolant, 72mwth 19591977. Marth w 1988 sodium still the best coolant for fast breeder reactor.
Meet the presenter robert hill is a senior nuclear engineering at argonne national laboratory, where he has worked for the last 29 years with research focused on reactor physics, fast reactor design. Sco 2 turbine design for decay heat removal system of sodium cooled fast reactor. This argues for including imager design during the reactor design process. Pdf innovative sodium fast reactors control rod design. The sodium cooled fast reactor sfr gen iv system is considered to be the design with the greatest maturity for the burning of minor actinides ma because fast spectrum neutrons generally have a greater probability for the fission of ma than thermal. The reference core design was taken from appendix 5a of the mitnfcpr101 report. Identify important differences between sodium and other fast reactor coolants leadlbe and helium and why sodium is preferred. An accelerated development of the latter is possible. Simulation of reactor transient and design criteria of sodium. Revankar55 ge hitachi nuclear energy ge prism and advanced recycling center sodium fast reactor sfr gen4 energy leadbismuth fast reactor lfr toshiba corporation 4s reactor sodium fast reactor sfr westinghouse electric company thoriumfueled boiling water reactor bwr westinghouse electric company thoriumfueled advanced. Liquid metal coolants for fast reactors cooled by sodium, lead, and leadbismuth eutectic. Sodiumcooled fast reactor design principles and approach ii.
Sodiumcooled fast reactor an overview sciencedirect topics. The seawolf core, however, used carbon to thermalize the neutrons to improve the cross sections, so it cannot be called a fast reactor. The primary mission of the vtr is to provide a fast spectrum neutron source to support fuels and. In the hybrid looppool design, primary loops are formed by connecting the reactor outlet plenum hot pool, intermediate heat. Sodium cooled fast reactor design principles and approach ii seminar at kaist april 24, 20 yoon il chang visiting professor, kaist world class university. The tru inventory requirement for a fast reactor including 23 reloads is of the order of 1015 tonsgwe. Liquid metal cooled reactors design and construction. The gascooled fast reactor gfr system is a nuclear reactor design which is currently in development.
Generation iv fast reactors university of cambridge. Numerical analysis of core thermalhydraulic for sodium. Sco2 turbine design for decay heat removal system of. Most lmrs are fast reactors fast because most fission occurs at energies above 100kev. The sodium cooled fast reactor sfr has been studied since the early period of nuclear energy development more.
Sep 20, 2016 cho, seong kuk, lee, jekyoung, lee, jeong ik, and cha, jae eun. Sodium reactor experiment santa susana, ca july 1959. The most mature fast reactor technology, the sodium cooled fast reactor, has more than 400 reactor years of experience acquired through the design, construction, operation and decommissioning of experimental, prototype, demonstration and commercial units operating in a number of countries, including china, france, germany, india, japan, the. Since 1950s sodiumcooled fast reactors sfr have been developed. Relap5 analysis of the hybrid looppool design for sodium. Prism sodium fast reactor licensing modernization project. The integral fast reactor ifr, originally advanced liquidmetal reactor is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator a fast reactor. Advanced fuel assembly for sodium cooled fast reactors. You can use a leadbismuth alloy to produce a lower melting temp of 125c, but bismuth transmutes into polonium210 during reactor operation. Much of the basic technology for the sodium cooled fast reactor sfr has been established through long term development experience with former fast reactor programs, and is being confirmed by the phenix endoflife tests in france, the restart of monju in japan, the lifetime extension of bn600 in russia, and the startup of the china experimental fast reactor in china. Study and evaluation of innovative fuel handling systems for. Terrapower has achieved significant progress in the development of the twr design and is continuing to advance twr technology.
Pdf design challenges for sodium cooled fast reactors. Sodium cooled fast reactor technology is suitable for reviving an industrial capability for their construction at home and internationally we have a legacy of sfr design and construction experience no large high pressure components are require except for steam generator watersteam headers. In this paper, two fast reactor systems are discussed the sodium cooled fast reactor, which has already been built and can be further improved, and the leadcooled fast reactor that could be developed relatively soon. The reactor is a pooltype modular design and utilizes sodium coolant and metallic fuel.
This appendix describes analysis of a conceptual core design of a 2400 mwt sodium cooled fast reactor with unity conversion ratio. A sodium cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium the acronym sfr particularly refers to two generation iv reactor proposals, one based on existing lmfr technology using mox fuel, the other based on the metalfueled integral fast reactor. The sodiumcooled fast reactor sfr is one of the most promising candidates. Classed as a generation iv reactor, it features a fast neutron spectrum and closed fuel cycle for efficient conversion of fertile uranium and management of actinides. Sienicki j, moisseytsev a, cho d, momozaki y, kilsdonk d, haglund r, reed c, farmer m 2007 supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle energy conversion for sodium cooled fast reactors advanced burner reactors. Sodium cooled fast reactor generation iv 165 and 311 mwe options flexible compact pooltype atmospheric, eliminates loca passive safety air cooling proven metal fuel inherently safe superheated steam plant efficiency modular design quality and efficiency. Design concept of advanced sodiumcooled fast reactor and. Numerical analysis of core thermalhydraulic for sodium cooled fast reactors alain conti1, antoine gerschenfeld2, yannick gorsse2, 1. The higher melting temperature of lead means you need to very carefully design your reactor so that pipes and heat exchangers dont freeze. Therefore, it is possible that the sodium cooled reactor design concept in this study may be developed as an international standard, and, furthermore, it is.
Toward that end, an innovative hybrid looppool design for sodium cooled fast reactors sfr has been proposed zhao and zhang, 2007. The first nuclear power reactor of this kind was the ebri at the idaho national laboratory inl in the usa 1. While the oxygenfree environment prevents corrosion, sodium reacts chemically with air and water and requires a sealed coolant system. Sodium cooled fast reactor sfr system safety assessment 5 and operated in a number of countries. Thermal response of the hybrid looppool design for sodium. Sodium fast reactors and the versatile test reactor abstract. Iaea nuclear energy series liquid metal coolants for fast reactors. Development for sodium cooled fast reactor, nuclear engineering and t echnology 2016, doi. Provision of safety design criteria for generationiv sodium. Recent developments based on this concept include the chinese experimental fast reactor cefr and the prototype fast breeder reactor pfbr in. Since many sodium cooled fast reactors have been built over more than six decades in several countries, it is worth examining that experience to help evaluate the prospects for the twr. Design considerations for economically competitive sodium. Sodium fast reactor technology seminar february 18, 2015 nrc headquarters three white flint conference rooms c03 and c05. Design and operation of sodium cooled fast reactors, proc.
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